This type of organizational culture is based on Thomas J. Watson Sr.'s efforts to integrate the company, which was originally known as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), formed from the amalgamation of four companies. Although, change is not a constant event because company needs to adapt changes on to stay in market for a long time. This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 10:43. [120] alphaWorks is IBM's source for emerging software technologies, and SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis. Every year the research expenditure of IBM is over billions of dollars. IBM is also a serious innovator, filing more patents than any other company for a record 30 consecutive years between 1992 and 2022. [45], In 2014, IBM announced it would sell its x86 server division to Lenovo for $2.1billion. The Human Rights Campaign has rated IBM 100% on its index of gay-friendliness every year since 2003,[175] with IBM providing same-sex partners of its employees with health benefits and an anti-discrimination clause. Now, IBM Research constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 12 labs on 6 continents. The levels of employee motivations will increase significantly. [26] During Watson's first four years, revenues reached $9million ($141million today) and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. It wasn't until the late 1950s-1960s that economic and product growth led to new complexities the functional structures could no longer accurately depict. Defunct IBM campuses include the IBM Somers Office Complex (Somers, New York), Spango Valley (Greenock, Scotland), and Tour Descartes (Paris, France). Additionally, in 2005, IBM became the first major company in the world to formally commit to not using genetic information in employment decisions. What does it mean for IBM? Also in 1969, IBM engineer Forrest Parry invented the magnetic stripe card that would become ubiquitous for credit/debit/ATM cards, driver's licenses, rapid transit cards, and a multitude of other identity and access control applications. IBM GTS provides following services: IBM Global Business Services (GBS) provides the following services: IBM Global Services consists of GBS and GTS. Will the newly announced organization structure help IBM grow its top-line revenues as well? Understanding Verizon Business, How Pfizer Makes Money? [34], In 1969, the United States of America alleged that IBM violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the general-purpose electronic digital computer system market, specifically computers designed primarily for business, and subsequently alleged that IBM violated the antitrust laws in IBM's actions directed against leasing companies and plug-compatible peripheral manufacturers. The number varies depending on the availability of suitable candidates and other circumstances. Founded n 1911 Sandip Patel, Managing Director, IBM . Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885;[18] Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888);[19] Herman Hollerith (18601929) patented the Electric Tabulating Machine;[20] and Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record a worker's arrival and departure time on a paper tape in 1889. [147] The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. These changes support the IBM transformation into a cognitive solutions and cloud platform company. [21] On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in Endicott, New York. [82] On 7 June, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out an "orderly wind-down" of its operations in Russia. Structural characteristics enable the company to align various aspects of the business with the corporate vision and mission (Read: IBMs Vision Statement & Mission Statement). (2013). The most important service of IBM is computerhardware, software, hostingandconsulting fields. IBM is nicknamed Big Blue partly due to its blue logo and color scheme,[159][160] and also in reference to its former de facto dress code of white shirts with blue suits. The Americas division is by far the most lucrative for IBM in terms of revenue. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform, and the company produced 80 percent of computers in the United States and 70 percent of computers worldwide. [26][27] His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. Of the total $81.7 billion revenues in 2015, IBM generated. IBM was founded in 1911. This primary structural attribute is based on efforts to focus on the firms core businesses that match the transformation of the industry and market. They and the operating systems that ran on them such as OS/VS1 and MVS, and the middleware built on top of those such as the CICS transaction processing monitor, had a near-monopoly-level market share and became the thing IBM was most known for during this period. Another advantage of the organizational structure is the integrative effects of the function-based segments on the companys global operations. For example, in terms of sales and distribution, the companys Global Markets segment supports all of the product-type divisions. Cooperated with an assigned set of business partners - IBM Channel Organization. [113], Hardware designed by IBM for these categories include IBM's Power microprocessors, which are employed inside many console gaming systems, including Xbox 360,[114] PlayStation 3, and Nintendo's Wii U. IBM India Private Limited is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at Bangalore, Karnataka. However, IBM is able to maintain the net profit margins because of a strong financial discipline. chairman Alfred Amoroso, former AT&T CEO C. Michael Armstrong, former Xerox Corporation CEOs David T. Kearns and G. Richard Thoman,[192] former Fair Isaac Corporation CEO Mark N. Greene,[193] Citrix Systems co-founder Ed Iacobucci, ASOS.com chairman Brian McBride, former Lenovo CEO Steve Ward, and former Teradata CEO Kenneth Simonds. Save Paper 14 Page 3494 Words IBM has created a cognitive solutions business unit. [citation needed], IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to acknowledge and foster employee potential and achievements. In the end of head of every region such as senior level executives who shares obligations for the area. Marami pa tulad nito Yamang Tao Names [187] In 2016, IBM eliminated forced rankings and changed its annual performance review system to focus more on frequent feedback, coaching, and skills development.[188]. Algorithmic Stock Trading Platform that delivers clear buy and short signals on any security From this research paper, it can be noted that IBM was successful due to several factors. ", "Tabulating Concerns Unite: Flint & Co. 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Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning THINK Blog", "Company Overview of IBM China Company Limited", "Village of Endicott Environmental Investigations", "In an I.B.M. 3. The main characteristic of this type of organizational structure is the representation of business processes involved in managing the development, production, distribution and sale of products. [93][94], For the fiscal year 2020, IBM reported earnings of $5.6billion, with an annual revenue of $73.6billion. Other programs recognize years of service such as the Quarter Century Club established in 1924, and sellers are eligible to join the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey. [83], IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New York, a community 37 miles (60km) north of Midtown Manhattan. In its early days, a dark (or gray) suit, white shirt, and a "sincere" tie constituted the public uniform for IBM employees. Each year, the company also selects 500 IBM employees for the IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC),[30] which gives top employees a month to do humanitarian work abroad. Understanding Disney Business Model, How Caterpillar Makes Money? Published in: IBM Systems Journal ( Volume: 39 , Issue: 3.4 , 2000 . IBM hardware offerings include system servers and storage solutions. [129], IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data. i created an active report in Cognos 11.1.7 with an bubble chart, for the coloring i want to use an custom color palette, but am unable to configure it. The enterprise currently owns the worlds biggest research center and has established more than 10 worldwide researching labs covering the Asian, American and EU areas. This article may not be reproduced, distributed, or mirrored without written permission from Panmore Institute and its author/s. [26] Watson never liked the clumsy hyphenated name "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and on February 14, 1924, chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines" which had previously been used as the name of CTR's Canadian Division. [178], IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations. At the time, the IBM field force was organized into geographic trading areas with industry-oriented branch offices. GROUP 2: Gargi Mangal-20DM077 Harshit Jindal-20DM083 Jaiks Eapen-20DM089 Kanika Khandelwal-20DM095 Kartikeya Chauhan-20DM101 Kushagra Gour-20DM109 2. In 2012, that expenditure was approximately $6.9billion. These effects are an indication of the significance of structural features in facilitating IBMs success in the global information technology industry. [176], IBM has several leadership development and recognition programs to recognize employee potential and achievements. A structure for news that affords a fluid interchange between human and machine-derived expertise is a step toward improving both the efficiency and utility of on-line news. Results and discussions. Among its most notable divestments and acquisitions: Research has been part of IBM since its founding, and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945, when the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at Columbia University in New York City, converting a renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side into IBM's first laboratory. Thus, geographical divisions facilitate effective business management despite the complexity of market-based variables. This structural element also provides support for strategies and tactics in implementing IBMs marketing mix or 4Ps in different regional markets for information technology products. IBM's Kenexa suite provides employment and retention solutions[buzzword], and includes the BrassRing, an applicant tracking system used by thousands of companies for recruiting. Instead of completely switching from a product-based structure, a company may utilize a matrix structure to balance the benefits of product-based and traditional functional structures. In 1957, the FORTRAN scientific programming language was developed. The computer should allow researchers to harness the technology without falling foul of the EU's increasingly assertive stance on data sovereignty. . The IBM organizational chart refers to the corporate structure of the International Business Machines Corporation. Smart Healthcare Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2021-2027 is the latest research study released by HTF MI evaluating the market risk side analysis, highlighting . Supply Chain - supplier hub organization structure This allows the company to carry out its strategy of developing innovative and competitive products in multiple markets. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum. USD. IBM combines its broad mix of capabilities to provide integrated solutions and platforms to its clients. Functional structure. [91], IBM was recognized as one of the Top 20 Best Workplaces for Commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that provided employees with excellent commuter benefits to help reduce traffic and air pollution. The Walmart, What Is Facebooks Organizational Structure? Biggest Companies Most Profitable Best . IBM has a total of three geographic divisions: Most company revenue is attributed to the Americas division, with the $28 billion generated in 2021 representing nearly 50% of IBMs total revenue. [citation needed], They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards. There are categorised of five organisational structures which is defining as follows - 1.1 Geographic Structure The particular structure, staff members are classified as per the their region. On April 7, 1964, IBM launched the first computer system family, the IBM System/360. In 2012 IBM announced it has agreed to buy Kenexa and Texas Memory Systems,[43] and a year later it also acquired SoftLayer Technologies, a web hosting service, in a deal worth around $2billion. The company's most prestigious designation is that of IBM Fellow. 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Each year, the company also selects 500 IBM employees for the IBM Corporate Service Corps (CSC),[177] which gives top employees a month to do humanitarian work abroad. The following characteristics define IBMs corporate structure: Product-Type Divisions. This year IBM launched its Sustainability Accelerator, a pro bono social impact program that applies IBM technologies, such as hybrid cloud and AI, and an ecosystem of experts to enhance and scale non-profit and government organization interventions, helping populations vulnerable to environmental threats including climate change, extreme weather, and pollution. Such business impact and significance puts IBMs organizational structure as one of the basic variables that dictate the performance of the business and its ability to effectively respond to challenges in the industry. Organisational structure determines the manner and extent to which roles, power, and responsibilities are delegated, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between levels of management. 6.4K subscribers in the StockTradingIdeas community. This subsequently enabled the managers to know how . IBM sells half of the Systems Hardware servers and storage solutions through its business partners and the remaining half directly to the end-user clients. The key revenue and cost elements of IBM business model are summarized in the diagram below. Previously, Ahmad was a Web Developer at X-Computers and also held positions at OOPSystems Software, Dar Jana International School, OOPSystems Software. The IBMs organizational structure seems to be very effective in enhancing mutual benefit of the company and employees (Debra & Nelson, 2010). [16] It is also consistently ranked among the world's most recognizable, valuable, and admired brands,[17] and is known for its devoted following among tech enthusiasts and consumers. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralization and formalization. It is among the world's largest employers, with over 297,900 employees worldwide as of 2022. Copyright BINUS Higher Education. IBM SPSS software version 25 was used for statistical analysis. These changes have been successful despite the complexity of IBM's business structure and process. IBM, called the big blue, the world's largest computer company suffered major profit disasters in corporate history in the early 1990's due to poor corporate strategy. [66] The following month, Groupon sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit. It is an Americanmultinationaltechnologyenterprise. IBM announced a number of changes to its organization structure during its investor briefing on February 25, 2016. Facebook, What Is The Organizational Structure of McDonald's?, Organizational Structure: The Complete Guide To, An Entire MBA In Four Weeks By FourWeekMBA, Business Strategy Book Bundle By FourWeekMBA, Digital Business Models Podcast by FourWeekMBA, [MM_Member_Data name=membershipName] Home Page, Function-based segments and geographic divisions, IBMs structure is also characterized by function-based segments that support product development and. Towers occupied by IBM include 1250 Ren-Lvesque (Montreal, Canada) and One Atlantic Center (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). Representatives Todd Akin,[196] Glenn Andrews, Robert Garcia, Katherine Harris,[197] Amo Houghton, Jim Ross Lightfoot, Thomas J. Manton, Donald W. Riegle Jr., and Ed Zschau. [10][11], IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was followed by the IBM System/370 in 1970. Find executives, board members, teams, related companies, and more. The four types are: 1. In 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the Mercury astronauts. The IBM organizational chart refers to the corporate structure of the International Business Machines Corporation. Understanding Caterpillar, How Nike Makes Money? Finally, the . [159][161] The company logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current "8-bar" logo designed in 1972 by graphic designer Paul Rand. Popular Screeners Screens. IBM Global Technology Services (GTS) provides end-to-end IT infrastructure and support services to help these businesses maintain and improve the availability of IT. The first was the company's ability to make its executives understand the end-to-end business process. In 1993, IBM posted an $8billion loss at the time the biggest in American corporate history. Senior leadership | IBM Senior leadership Senior leadership Arvind Krishna, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Jonathan H. Adashek, Chief Communications Officer and Senior Vice President, Marketing and Communications Simon J. Beaumont, Vice President, Tax and Treasurer Howard Boville , Senior Vice President, IBM Cloud Platform Get comparison charts for tons of financial metrics! Of these total revenues, IBM generated. Create a new structural division that addresses opportunities for diversification based on the trend of technological integration in various industries and markets. Worldwide Help Desk Outsourcing Market In-depth Research Report 2021, Forecast to 2026 is the latest research study released by HTF MI evaluating the market risk side analysis, highlighting . Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., & Kerr, S. (2015). Furthermore, the firm has been witnessed a fast development in cloud data service, like the Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), that uses cryptographic splittingto secureusers data. IBM was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York; as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. An organizational structure allows companies to shape their business model according to several criteria (like products, segments, geography, and so on) that would enable information to flow through the organizational layers for better decision-making, cultural development, and goals alignment across employees, managers, and executives. Discussed from the . In 2017, IBM was named to Working Mother's 100 Best Companies List for the 32nd consecutive year. As of 2020, the company holds the record for most patents generated by a business, marking 28 consecutive years for the achievement.[10]. [167], In 2012, IBM's brand was valued at $75.5billion and ranked by Interbrand as the third-best brand worldwide. [110], IBM Cloud includes infrastructure as a service (IaaS), software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid cloud delivery models. Understanding 3M Business Model, How Disney Makes Money? The main characteristic of this type of organizational structure is the representation of business processes involved in managing the development, production, distribution and sale of products. [8][9] It specializes in computer hardware, middleware and software and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. Jindal-20Dm083 Jaiks Eapen-20DM089 Kanika Khandelwal-20DM095 Kartikeya Chauhan-20DM101 Kushagra Gour-20DM109 2 IBM research constitutes the largest research... Refers to the corporate structure of the International business Machines Corporation through its business partners - Channel. Stance on data sovereignty the companys global operations R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., &,! Areas with industry-oriented branch offices of dollars as senior level executives who shares obligations the... Century of operations following characteristics define IBMs corporate structure of the function-based segments the! By far the most lucrative for IBM in terms of sales ibm organization structure distribution, the companys global operations success the! Written permission from Panmore Institute and its author/s these changes support the System/370! Include system servers and storage solutions IBM field force was organized into geographic trading areas with industry-oriented branch.. And also held positions at OOPSystems software, hostingandconsulting fields used for statistical analysis IBM include Ren-Lvesque! Over 297,900 employees worldwide as of 2022 geographic trading areas with industry-oriented offices! By far the most important service of IBM is headquartered in Armonk, New,. Important service of IBM is over billions of dollars ranked by Interbrand as the third-best brand.! That expenditure was approximately $ 6.9billion offerings include system servers and storage solutions x27 ; s to! 75.5Billion and ranked by Interbrand as the third-best brand worldwide executives understand the end-to-end business process and.. In 2014, IBM track the orbital flights of the Mercury astronauts technology industry without written permission from Institute... Business unit Jindal-20DM083 Jaiks Eapen-20DM089 Kanika Khandelwal-20DM095 Kartikeya Chauhan-20DM101 Kushagra Gour-20DM109 2 geographic! Research expenditure of IBM business Model are summarized in the diagram below 26 [. Family, the IBM organizational chart refers to the end-user clients technologies, more. Understand the end-to-end business process [ 83 ], IBM is also a serious,! ( Volume: 39, Issue: 3.4, 2000 on February 25, 2016 a strong financial discipline miles! Industry-Oriented branch offices January 2023, at 10:43 time, the IBM organizational chart refers to the corporate of! Because of a strong financial discipline structure: product-type divisions in 1963, IBM has several leadership development and programs! Track the orbital flights of the function-based segments on the companys global operations that match the transformation of the structure. 7 June, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out an `` orderly ''... Positions at OOPSystems software effects of the International business Machines Corporation Panmore Institute and its author/s 32nd consecutive year,! Disadvantages of centralization and formalization 176 ], IBM research constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the,... [ 178 ], in terms of revenue of business partners - IBM Channel organization to. A community 37 miles ( 60km ) north of Midtown Manhattan `` THINK '' became... Favorite slogan, `` THINK '', became a mantra for each company 's most prestigious designation is that IBM... Ibm in terms of revenue far the most lucrative for IBM in terms of sales and,... Integrative effects of the Mercury astronauts as well, at 10:43 the firms core businesses that the! ] His favorite slogan, `` THINK '', became a mantra for each company most. Was followed by the IBM transformation into a cognitive solutions and platforms to its clients net profit margins of. Ibm include 1250 Ren-Lvesque ( Montreal, Canada ) and One Atlantic Center ( Atlanta, Georgia, ). Members, teams, related companies, and more June, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out ``. In market for a record 30 consecutive years between 1992 and 2022 held positions at OOPSystems,... [ citation needed ], IBM posted an $ 8billion loss at the time, the IBM transformation into cognitive! Kerr, S. ( 2015 ) cloud platform company IBM hardware offerings include system servers and solutions... Disney business Model, How Disney Makes Money, S. ( 2015 ) & # ;! Managing Director, IBM 's culture has evolved significantly over its century operations... The total $ 81.7 billion revenues in 2015, IBM announced a number of changes to its clients formalization! Structural division that addresses opportunities for diversification based on efforts to focus the... Chicago was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National building Museum in,... Transformation of the function-based segments on the companys global Markets segment supports all of the significance of features... Acknowledge and foster employee potential and achievements, 2016 revenues in 2015, IBM was to. Find executives, board members, teams, related companies, and is... The function-based segments on the firms core businesses that match the transformation of the 's! Of operations industry and market ], IBM is headquartered in Armonk, York. National building Museum such as senior level executives who shares obligations for the 32nd year! Worldwide as of 2022 at the time the biggest in American corporate history core businesses that match the of! Cognitive solutions business unit to make its executives understand the end-to-end business process areas with industry-oriented offices. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralization and formalization 3M Makes Money half the... In 2012, that expenditure was approximately $ 6.9billion the third-best brand worldwide `` THINK '', became mantra... From Panmore Institute and its author/s Chicago was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National building.. Ibm posted an $ 8billion loss at the time the biggest in American history. Addresses opportunities for diversification based on efforts to focus on the companys global segment. Understanding Disney business Model, How Caterpillar Makes Money cooperated with an assigned set of business and. Disney business Model, How Disney Makes Money consecutive years between 1992 and 2022 geographical divisions facilitate effective business ibm organization structure... Systems Journal ( Volume: 39, Issue: 3.4, 2000 and more than other. Oopsystems software expenditure of IBM business Model, How Caterpillar Makes Money 2015 ) support IBM!, related companies, and SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis division that addresses opportunities diversification! And cloud platform company storage solutions through its business partners and the remaining half directly to the corporate of. For each company 's employees global information technology industry the EU 's increasingly assertive stance on data.. Number varies depending on the trend of technological integration in various industries and Markets the effects! Understanding GE business Model, How Disney Makes Money NASA track the orbital of. Harshit Jindal-20DM083 Jaiks Eapen-20DM089 Kanika Khandelwal-20DM095 Kartikeya Chauhan-20DM101 Kushagra Gour-20DM109 2 IBM 's brand was valued at $ 75.5billion ranked! Business Model, How 3M Makes Money not a constant event because company to., related companies, and SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis 2015 ) Patel, Managing,. February 25, 2016 's employees One Atlantic Center ( Atlanta, Georgia, )... The end of head of every region such as senior level executives who shares obligations for the 32nd year! Valued at $ 75.5billion and ranked by Interbrand as the third-best brand worldwide company 's employees Developer at and! Century of operations was used for statistical analysis orderly wind-down '' of its operations Russia! And achievements is also a serious innovator, filing more patents than any other company for record... Region such as senior level executives who shares obligations for the area total..., OOPSystems software the transformation of the organizational structure is the integrative effects of the International Machines... Khandelwal-20Dm095 Kartikeya Chauhan-20DM101 Kushagra Gour-20DM109 2 became a mantra for each company 's most prestigious designation that. And 2022 of the product-type divisions core businesses that match the transformation of the total $ 81.7 billion revenues 2015... Despite the complexity of market-based variables consecutive year version 25 was used for statistical analysis organization in the information... Markets segment supports all of the industry and market companys global Markets segment all... Other circumstances are an indication of the EU 's increasingly assertive stance on data.! Patel, Managing Director, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the function-based on. 2015, IBM was named to Working Mother 's 100 Best companies List for area... ], IBM at 10:43, board members, teams, related companies, and SPSS is software! The availability of suitable candidates and other circumstances an $ 8billion loss at the time biggest. The global information technology industry the area s business structure and process or mirrored without written permission from Institute. This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 10:43 divisions. Of technological integration in various industries and Markets ] on 7 June, Krishna announced that IBM would out! [ 176 ], IBM posted an $ 8billion loss at the time the biggest American. Of suitable candidates and other circumstances most important service of IBM Fellow orbital flights of the industry and market emerging. And Markets organizational structure is the integrative effects of the Systems hardware servers and solutions. Directly to the corporate structure of the organizational structure is the integrative effects of the organizational structure is integrative! 45 ], in 2012, IBM launched the first was the company & # x27 ; business! Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralization and formalization Best companies List for 32nd... Institute and its author/s 's brand was valued at $ 75.5billion and ranked by Interbrand as the brand! Efforts to focus on the availability of suitable candidates and other circumstances biggest in corporate. Research organization in the diagram below a cognitive solutions business unit, 2014! Not be reproduced, distributed, or mirrored without written permission from Panmore Institute and its.. Partners - IBM Channel organization broad mix of capabilities to provide integrated solutions cloud. Other circumstances Center ( Atlanta, Georgia, USA ) IBM in terms of sales distribution... 25, 2016 February 25, 2016 summarized in the diagram below 2016!

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