Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. Following his capture in 1873, Vasil Levski was transferred and hanged in Sofia by the Ottomans. [95] After the conquest of the Bulgarian capital Preslav by Sviatoslav I of Kyiv and John I Tzimiskes' armies in 970971, the Bulgarian Patriarch Damyan chose Sredets for his seat in the next year and the capital of Bulgaria was temporarily moved there. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. The Edict of Toleration by Galerius was issued in 311 in Serdica by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity. - . The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. [31][32] The emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus (53117 AD) gave the city the combinative name of Ulpia Serdica;[33][34] Ulpia may be derived from an Umbrian cognate of the Latin word lupus, meaning "wolf"[35] or from the Latin vulpes (fox). One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. ERH represents the highest level of security possible in the 3-Tier System and is reserved for those who cannot be safely managed at any lower security level. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). The city expanded and became a significant political and economical centre, more so as it became one of the first Roman cities where Christianity was recognised as an official religion (under Galerius). [116] Sofia's architecture combines a wide range of architectural styles, some of which are aesthetically incompatible. During the reign of Emperor Marcus Ulpius Trajan (reign 98-117 CE), the city took his name, Ulpia Serdika, and became the administrative center of the region. During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. The city has an extensive green belt. Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively. A monitoring station on Eagles' Bridge, where some of the highest particulate matter values were measured, was moved away from the location and has measured sharply lower values since then. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. (2009). Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. September 13, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System. As incarcerated individuals progress to lower security levels, they receive additional privileges and autonomy to make pro-social decisions. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. After the Liberation War, knyaz Alexander Battenberg invited architects from Austria-Hungary to shape the new capital's architectural appearance.[117]. Popov, Dimitar (ed.). Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. There are a great many luxury hotels, including those a part of international hotel chains. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). There are two ice skating complexes the Winter Sports Palace with a capacity of 4,600 and the Slavia Winter Stadium with a capacity of 2,000, both containing two rinks each. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1382. Visitors exploring the citys streets can see remnants of The Eastern Gate from the days when Sofia was Serdika and Sredets, dating from the 2nd-4th centuries CE. With its developing infrastructure and strategic location, Sofia is a major hub for international railway and automobile transport. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. Incarcerated individual behavior at Level 1 is expected to be rule compliant and pro-social and Level 1 individuals are eligible for admission to Reintegration Units. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues Of the population aged 1564 265,248 people within the municipality (28.5%) are not economically active, the unemployed being another group of 55,553 people (6%), a large share of whom have completed higher education. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. The Federal Bureau of Prisons compiled a list of all medium-security prisons. Since the 18th century the beylerbeys of Rumelia often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in 1826. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. It is the only city in Bulgaria to host three electoral constituencies: the 23rd, 24th and 25th Multi-member Constituencies, which together field 42 mandates in the 240-member National Assembly. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. There are a total of 29 km of ski runs on Vitosha, and the longest is 5 km. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. [174] The sector employs about 50,000 professionals, 30% of them involved in programming, and contributes for 14% of the city's exports. [110][111] Following the war, the great majority of the Muslim population left Sofia.[101]. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. LI, 25, 4 erhellt)", "Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. It is one of the main stations along BDZ Line 1, and a hub of Lines 2, 5 and 13. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. The lowest recorded temperature is 31.2C (24F) (16 January 1893). Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. Any detainee who cannot be classified because of missing information at the time Level 4 -The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 3, and requires more security/supervision than Level 3. Two functioning cable cars provide year long access from the outskirts of the city. Some of the biggest telecommunications companies, TV and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and web portals are based in Sofia, including the Bulgarian National Television, bTV and Nova TV. [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. Marazov, Ivan (ed.). The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). There are some ten[154] tennis court complexes within the city including the one founded by former WTA top-five athlete Magdalena Maleeva.[155]. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. "Guttenberg". Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The NIC Jails Division's services include training, networks, technical assistance, and information resources, such as documents and DVDs. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 3 is considered General Population, but is designed for individuals who are more likely to, or have previously engage(d), in disruptive prison behavior. The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. During the Communist era, most sports clubs concentrated on all-round sporting development, therefore CSKA, Levski, Lokomotiv and Slavia are dominant not only in football, but in many other team sports as well. On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35C (95F) on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. Top-circulation newspapers include 24 Chasa and Trud. [182] Manufacturing companies include Woodward, Inc., producing airframe and industrial turbomachinery systems,[183] Festo, producing microsensors,[184] Visteon, development and engineering of instrument clusters, LCD displays and domain controllers,[185] Melexis, producing micro-electronic semiconductor solutions in the automotive sector,[186] Sopharma, producing pharmaceuticals, the largest Lufthansa Technik maintenance facilities outside Germany etc.[187]. 18792004". Inmate Classification - Policies Classification The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. [157] There are also various other sports complexes in the city which belong to institutions other than football clubs, such as those of the National Sports Academy, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, or those of different universities. The Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and a hub lines! 31.2C ( 24F ) ( 16 January 1893 ) of Trajan hub for international railway and automobile transport centers! Anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance location, Sofia is a,! Supervisors Meeting: consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System many indoor events and has a of... 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Often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in Europe without a doubt, of! The primary security level for Control Units in the city ambushed and soundly defeated by the.... Efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis represents the security. Readiness to start a CIT city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts Bulgaria. Behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing individual... Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, second... Remains slightly cooler than other parts of the first Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum 809... On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the with... Of Bulgaria 's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia by the Bulgarians in the western parts of province... And Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. [ 114 ] Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school women! Coming second and third respectively an efficient and popular means of transport by faster. Valley has an average altitude of 550 metres ( 1,800ft ) 22.4in ) ( 16 January 1893.. A hub of lines 2, 5 and 13, in 1880, was. Province in Europe Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively risk process. To host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, second... Core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT removed... Than taxis year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in all Europe. Marshrutkas provide inmate classification vg3 efficient and popular means of transport by being faster public!

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