The Wassila Network described situations in which a victim went to police to report a domestic violence incident and family members convince the victim to forgive the aggressor, resulting in no charges to the aggressor. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. were ill-defined. Government officials monitored political meetings. [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. Improvements: Authorities improved prison conditions to meet international standards. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. The center The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. The law forbids legal guardians from forcing minors under their care to marry against the minors will. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. The administrative division into departments and territories was based on French practice. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. NGOs reported that judges gave harsher sentences to LGBTI persons. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. The confederation also included migrants working in the country. ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. You can add more than one country or area. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. The law requires parties to ensure that at least 30 percent of the candidates on their electoral lists are women. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, His sentence was subsequently reduced to three years in prison, and he was released in April. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. Sexual Harassment: The punishment for sexual harassment is one to two years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment doubles for a second offense. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. New FIPS Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. After violent clashes between Ibadis in Ghardaia and security forces, Fekhar wrote a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon asking the UN to save the local Ibadite population from persecution by the government. A separate January 2017 decree covering religious texts other than the Quran stated, The content of religious books for import, regardless of format, must not undermine the religious unity of society, the national religious reference, public order, good morals, fundamental rights and liberties, or the law. The importer must submit the text and other information, and the ministry must respond within 30 days. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. During the year, the CNDH organized seminars and workshops on topics such as penitentiary reform and trafficking in persons. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. The countrys Jewish population numbered fewer than 200 persons. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. York, 1991. Most major opposition parties lost seats in the elections, and several parties claimed the results were significantly altered by fraud. The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. The Ministry of Justice said cell sizes exceeded international standards set by the United Nations Nelson Mandela Rules. )crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. These shelters assisted with approximately 220 cases of violence against women during the year. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )methane emissions: 49.94 megatons (2020 est. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country's new president. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FISs armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. It requires national-level civil organizations to apply to the Ministry of Interior for permission to operate. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. $41.776 billion (2021 est. The departments were divided into arrondissements, as shown below. Abuse of Migrants, Refugees, and Stateless Persons: In June the Associated Press (AP) reported that the government had forced an estimated 13,000 migrants over the previous 14 months to walk from Guezzam, Algeria, to Assamakka, Niger as part of the repatriation process. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the fathers authorization. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). $487.716 billion (2021 est. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. The United States recognized Algeria on July 3, 1962, when President John Kennedy issued a congratulatory message to the Algerian people upon their independence from France. Algeria had opted for independence in a referendum on July 1, 1962 , and France recognized Algeria as an independent state on July 3, 1962. Consular Presence However, the French language has continued to occupy an While the constitution provides for the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government, the executive branchs broad statutory authorities limited judicial independence. Oct. 13: Algerian troops killed two Islamist militants in an ambush in Oued Zehour in the Skikda region. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. Aumale (department no. 0-14 years: 29.58% (male 6,509,490/female 6,201,450)15-24 years: 13.93% (male 3,063,972/female 2,922,368)25-54 years: 42.91% (male 9,345,997/female 9,091,558)55-64 years: 7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)65 years and over: 6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. 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